This study investigated the moderating effect of
gender on the causal relationships between different school
play activities (pretend and non-pretend play) and social
competence in peer interactions among a sample of Hong
Kong children. Participants were 60 Hong Kong
preschoolers (mean age = 5.44, 36.67 % female). Children
with matched home pretend play time period were randomly assigned to pretend or non-pretend play groups to
take part in pretend or non-pretend play activities respectively in the 1-month kindergarten play training. Children’s
pre- and post-training social competences were assessed by
their teachers. Results revealed a trend that girls who
participated in school pretend play tended to be less disruptive during peer interactions after the training than those
who participated in non-pretend play, while boys were
similarly benefited from the two play activities. The
implications for play-related research and children’s social
competence development are discussed.